2000-08-17

These are the 23 then-outstanding problems in mathematics and mathe-
matical physics that David Hilbert laid out at the beginning of the
20th century.

The text of Hilbert's lecture to the International Congress of Math-
ematicians:

  http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/hilbert/problems.html

TBTF Log item discussing the above:

  http://tbtf.com/log/2000-08-17.html#9

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1. Cantor's problem of the cardinal number of the continuum

2. The compatibility of the arithmetical axioms

3. The equality of two volumes of two tetrahedra of equal bases and
   equal altitudes

4. Problem of the straight line as the shortest distance between two
   points

5. Lie's concept of a continuous group of transformations without the
   assumption of the differentiability of the functions defining the
   group

6. Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics

7. Irrationality and transcendence of certain numbers

8. Problems of prime numbers

9. Proof of the most general law of reciprocity in any number field

10. Determination of the solvability of a diophantine equation

11. Quadratic forms with any algebraic numerical coefficients

12. Extension of Kroneker's theorem on abelian fields to any algebraic
    realm of rationality

13. Impossibility of the solution of the general equation of the 7-th
    degree by means of functions of only two arguments

14. Proof of the finiteness of certain complete systems of functions

15. Rigorous foundation of Schubert's enumerative calculus

16. Problem of the topology of algebraic curves and surfaces

17. Expression of definite forms by squares

18. Building up of space from congruent polyhedra

19. Are the solutions of regular problems in the calculus of
    variations always necessarily analytic?

20. The general problem of boundary values

21. Proof of the existence of linear differential equations having a
    prescribed monodromic group

22. Uniformization of analytic relations by means of automorphic
    functions

23. Further development of the methods of the calculus of variations